Research on Low-Frequency Noise Control of Automobiles Based on Acoustic Metamaterial

基于声学超材料的汽车低频噪声控制研究

Yi Liao ^1,†, Haibo Huang ^2,†, Guangbao Chang ¹ , Deyang Luo ¹ , Chuanlai Xu ^3,4,*, Yudong Wu ^5,* and Jiyou Tang ²

1 SAIC GM WULING Automobile Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545005, China; yi.liao1@sgmw.com.cn (Y.L.); guangbao.chang1@sgmw.com.cn (G.C.); deyang.luo@sgmw.com.cn (D.L.)

2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China;

huanghaibo214@my.swjtu.edu.cn (H.H.); jyt@my.swjtu.edu.cn (J.T.)

3 Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group Co., Ltd., No. 6 Jiuhua Road, Mianyang 621000, China

4 Sichuan Avionics System Product Lightweight Design and Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory,

Mianyang 621000, China

5 National Laboratory of Rail Transit (in Preparation), Chengdu 610031, China

* Correspondence: xuchuanlai@163.com (C.X.); wu045043@my.swjtu.edu.cn (Y.W.)

† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: With the transformation of the trend of vehicle electrification, the overall noise level in the vehicle is gradually reduced. The problem of low-frequency noise in the vehicle, which was previously ignored, is becoming more and more prominent. To solve the vehicle low-frequency noise problem, a combination of real-vehicle tests and simulation analysis is carried out. During the test, the driver and passengers feel that there is a relatively obvious low-frequency roar noise in the car, which results from the structural radiation noise of the trunk door vibration. Therefore, to solve this problem, we design an acoustic metamaterial with lightweight and miniaturized features based on the local resonance principle of phononic crystals. Firstly, the selection of the resonant unit configuration and the design of the band gap are implemented. Then, the layout planning of the whole vehicle, the layout of the resonance unit and the design of the base frame are implemented. The actual vehicle test results show that: after attaching the designed acoustic metamaterial, the low-frequency noise sound pressure levels in the front and rear of the vehicle were reduced by 2.0 dB (A) and 2.3 dB (A), respectively, meanwhile, the interior noise sound quality was improved. The sound pressure level at the driver’s right ear in the car has an abnormal peak of around 35Hz. In addition, the driver and passengers feel that there is a relatively obvious low-frequency roar noise in the car, and through low-pass filtering of the collected signals, it is confirmed that the peak frequency is the main cause of the low-frequency roar in the car. The low-frequency steady-state noise of the car is generally considered to be the low-frequency vibration of the body panel and the radiation occurs. Through the finite element simulation analysis (Grid Participation Analysis) of the abnormal peak frequency, the results show that the low-frequency roar is caused by the low-frequency vibration of the tailgate sheet metal, and the problem peak frequency is not coupled with the acoustic cavity mode. Facing the problem of the low-frequency roar radiated into the car by the vibration of the tailgate sheet metal parts, based on the local resonance band gap theory, we developed a design to suppress the 35 Hz vibration of the tailgate sheet metal parts and meet the characteristics of lightweight and miniaturization. By attaching the acoustic metamaterial to the tailgate and performing CAE simulation of the whole vehicle, it is determined that the structure can indeed reduce the 35 Hz noise in the car and the peak value of the tailgate sheet metal vibration.

摘要：随着汽车产业向电气化转型，车内的整体噪音水平逐渐降低，与此同时，以前被忽视的车内低频噪声问题也越来越突出。为了解决这一问题，我们采用了实车试验和模拟分析相结合的方法。在试验过程中，驾驶员和乘客感觉到车内有比较明显的低频轰鸣声，该轰鸣声是后备箱门振动导致的结构辐射噪声。因此，我们根据声子晶体的局部共振原理，设计了一种具有轻量化和微型化特征的声学超材料。首先，我们明确了谐振单元的选择及带隙的设计。然后，我们完成了车辆整体的布局规划和谐振单元的布置及底架的设计。实车试验结果表明：给车辆贴上所设计的声学超材料后，车辆前部和后部的低频噪声声压级分别降低了2.0 dB (A)和2.3 dB (A)，同时，车内噪声质量得到了改善。但车内驾驶员右耳的声压级峰值异常，约为35赫兹。另外，驾驶员和乘客在车内都明显地感觉到低频轰鸣声，通过低通滤波过滤的方式，我们确认峰值频率是造成车内低频轰鸣的主要原因。一般认为，汽车的低频稳态噪声是由车身覆盖件的低频振动和辐射产生的。但通过对异常峰值频率的有限元模拟分析（网格参与分析），结果表明：低频轰鸣声是由尾门钣金的低频振动以及异常峰值频率与声腔模式不耦合所引起的。面对尾门钣金件振动向车内辐射的低频轰鸣声问题，基于局部共振带隙理论，我们开发了一种抑制尾门钣金件35赫兹振动的设计，并满足轻量化和微型化的特点。通过将声学超材料附着在尾门上，并对整车进行CAE仿真的方式，确定该结构确实可以降低车内35赫兹的噪声和尾门金属板振动的峰值。

Keywords: acoustic metamaterial; local resonance; low-frequency; roar noise control; steady-state noise

关键词：声学超材料；局部共振；低频；轰鸣声噪音控制；稳态噪声

来源：MATERIALS

发表时间：2022年5月1日

检索：倪珂

翻译：孙莎莎

一审：黄辉

二审：彭莉

三审：罗玲娟

上传发布：姜浩