各取所需:运河功臣的再发明——宋礼、白英的立祀及其后裔的宗族建构
Catering to Diverse Interests: The reinvention of canal heroes - The establishment of shrines for Song Li and Bai Ying and the clan construction of their descendants
LingYan(School of History, Beijing Normal University)
摘要：明永乐初年工部尚书宋礼重开会通河,运河得以成为漕粮运输的通道。然而宋礼本人却在近百年内不以河工闻名于世,直至其所开创的南旺分水口工程完全发挥作用,又逢工部成为运河管理的中坚力量时,方被大力颂扬,并最终于正德年间立祀。稍后宋礼子孙及辅助开河的老人白英的后裔也迁居工程所在地,并享有赏赐品官或祀田的优容。明清鼎革之后,正值管河官由工部官转为理民生的道臣,以宋、白后人名义的群体,通过编造文献,又或辅以河职,或凭藉在当地的势力,最终确立并扩大了优免差徭的祀田占有额,并以"社"的名义联结宗族,形成通过占垦湖田发展起来的地方势力。
关键词：
明清;运河;宋礼;白英;祀田;宗族;
Abstract: In the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Song Li, the Minister of Works, reopened the Huitong River, enabling the canal to become a channel for transporting tribute grain. However, Song Li himself wasn't well - known for river works for nearly a century. It was not until the Nanwang Water Diversion Project he initiated fully functioned and the Ministry of Works became the backbone of canal management that he was highly praised and finally enshrined in the Zhengde period.Later, the descendants of Song Li and the elderly who assisted in the construction of the canal, Bai Ying's descendants, also moved to the location of the project and were granted preferential treatment in the form of rewards or land for worship. After the transition from the Ministry of Works to the Department of Governance of People's Livelihood during the transition period between the Ming and Qing dynasties, a group of people claiming to be descendants of Song and Bai were able to establish and expand the amount of land for worship that they were exempted from taxes and corvee work through fabricating documents, or by relying on their canal-related positions, or by leveraging their local influence. Eventually, the amount of sacrificial land that is exempted from corvee and labor was determined and expanded. The clans were linked together under the name of "community", forming local power bases that developed through the cultivation of lake land.
Key words: Ming and Qing Dynasties; Grand Canal; Song Li; Bai Ying; Temple Land; Clan
来源：中国知网
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=X7jC3qydZ5-KMTw7m2fkLy0B3YUbyZszkjSOX3kj1g7cbcSwFceCV6C4zILC-CcoYdONZiGfoPEAg5IY3N848B9B25FavD9xlK_ZORZijsavemc5RZKaR2aSoI97_gI4x5g5JsxPOTuKMiB5qnui-mbl7SiCardUrqCunouCF8o=&uniplatform=NZKPT
发表时间：2019-09-15
检索：姜亦单
翻译：彭清
审校：杨洋
