Adapting Transportation Planning e-Tools to Older Adults' Needs: Scoping Review

交通规划电子工具适应老年人的需求： 范围审查

Authors: Tahir Sahar; Abdulrazak Bessam; Baillargeon Dany

作者：塔希尔·萨哈尔; 阿卜杜勒拉扎克·贝萨姆; 巴亚热昂·达尼

Abstract: Aging is often accompanied by a decrease in physical and sensory capacities and financial resources, which makes travel and the use of public transport a big challenge for older adults. These mobility limitations may prevent them from going out for groceries, medical appointments, or entertainment, which increases the risk of social isolation. A key element in helping older adults to maintain healthy aging and social engagement is to foster autonomy, freedom, and active mobility. A transportation planning e-tool can provide older adults with information about transport and trip options. There are many transportation planning e-tools, but little is known about whether and how their characteristics and functionalities address older adults' needs and preferences. This study aims to map existing transportation e-tools and identify gaps to be filled in order to match their functionalities with older adults' needs and preferences. A scoping review of existing transportation planning e-tools was conducted based on the approach developed by Arksey and O'Malley. A search in the scientific literature (Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and ERIC) as well as gray literature was conducted in June 2020 and updated 3 times; in September 2021, December 2021, and May 2022. After the studies were selected, a comparative analysis was performed by 2 evaluators; an occupational therapy student and a computer science student. These e-tools were analyzed with respect to some characteristics (eg, tool's development status, target customers, and geographic coverage) as well as 10 functionalities (time autonomy, walkability, crowd avoidance, incline avoidance, weather consideration, dark avoidance, winter obstacles avoidance, amenities inclusion, taxi driver's information, and support affordance) that we defined based on older adults' needs and preferences (mainly Canadians). These needs were identified from a literature review and confirmed by workshops (focus groups). The scientific and gray literature search yielded 463 sources, and 42 transportation e-tools were included. None of the e-tools reviewed addresses all 10 functionalities. More specifically, functionalities such as dark avoidance and support affordance were not addressed by any of the included e-tools. Most of the e-tools currently available to plan trips do not address older adults' needs and preferences. The results of this scoping review helped fill this gap by identifying functionalities to include in transportation planning e-tools designed to promote active aging.

摘要：老龄化往往伴随着身体和感官能力以及经济资源的下降，这使得旅行和使用公共交通成为一种对于老年人来说很大的挑战。这些行动上的限制可能使他们无法外出购物、看病或娱乐，这就增加了他们被社会孤立的风险。帮助老年人保持健康的老龄化和社会参与度的一个关键因素是培养他们的自主性、自由和活跃的流动性。而交通规划电子工具可以为老年人提供有关交通和旅行选择的信息，市面上有许多这类工具，但人们对它们的特点和功能是否、以及如何满足老年人的需求和偏好知之甚少。这项研究旨在绘制现有交通电子工具的地图，并确定需要填补的空白，以使其功能与老年人的需求和偏好相匹配。根据Arksey和O'Malley开发的方法，文章对现有的交通规划电子工具进行了范围审查。2020年6月，笔者在科学文献（Academic search Complete、MEDLINE、CINAHL、SocINDEX和ERIC）以及灰色文献中进行了搜索，并在2021年9月、2021年12月和2022年5月更新了3次相关数据。选定该项研究主题后，2名评估人员对一名职业治疗专业学生和一名计算机科学系学生进行了比较分析。根据老年人的需求和偏好（主要是加拿大人），我们分析了这些电子工具的一些特征（例如，工具的开发状态、目标客户和地理覆盖范围）以及交通规划电子工具的10项功能（时间自主性、可步行性、避免拥挤、避免倾斜、天气考虑、避免黑暗、避免冬季障碍、包含便利设施、出租车司机信息和支持能力）。该文章文献综述中确定了老年人的具体需求，并经由研讨会（重点小组）确认。科学文献和灰色文献检索共产生463个来源，其中包括42个交通电子工具。研究发现审查的各种电子工具均未满足上述10项功能。更确切地说，所包含的任何一个电子工具都未满足诸如避免黑屏和支撑等功能。目前可用于计划旅行的大多数电子工具都没有满足老年人的需求和偏好。此次研究界定了审查的范围，通过提升促进积极老龄化的交通规划电子工具的功能，有助于填补这一空白。

Key words: Canadian mobility experience; active aging; transportation; e-tool; review; user-centered

关键词：加拿大机动性经验；积极老龄化；运输；电子工具；审查；以用户为中心

来源：JMIR Aging

发表时间：2023年5月21日

检索：程子馨

翻译：欧阳妤姗

一审：褚梦迪

二审：彭莉

三审：罗玲娟

上传发布：姜浩