An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Traffic Safety Facility Combinations on Mountain Roads Based on Driving Simulation Experiments

基于驾驶模拟实验的山地道路交通安全设施组合的有效性研究

QIN Ya-qin; LI Guo-xin; ZHAO Shi-lin; XIE Ji-ming; LIU Yong-hua;

秦雅琴；李国鑫；赵仕林；谢济铭；刘拥华

Abstract

摘要

In order to accurately evaluate the utility of the combination of traffic safety facilities in mountain highway environment and obtain the optimal combination of traffic safety facilities in different scenes of mountain highway, this paper designs three classic mountain highway scenes: “straight line and long ramp, sharp turn and curved ramp combination” by VS Design 3D software. In these scenarios, the common traffic safety facilities are combined and set, and each combination scheme involves five types of traffic safety facilities: warning signs, speed limit signs, slow signs, deceleration markings and guardrails. Through driving simulation experiment, combined with the characteristics of drivers’ driving behavior under mountain roads, the entropy weight method and matter-element extension theory are organically combined. Three secondary indexes, such as driver’s eye movement index, driver’s physiological and psychological index and driver’s operation behavior index, and five tertiary indexes, such as duration of fixation, heart rate change rate and steering wheel corner rate, were selected. The utility evaluation index system of mountain highway traffic safety facilities is constructed, and the entropy weight matter-element multi-level extension evaluation model of combined utility of traffic safety facilities is established to evaluate the utility of different combined scenarios of traffic safety facilities in mountain highway environment. The results show that the combined utility of warning signs, deceleration markings and guardrails have higher correlation degree and better warning utility under the same utility level in the scene of straight line and long ramp of mountain highway. In the sharp turn scene, the combined utility of warning sign and guardrail has a higher correlation degree under the same utility level, and has a more obvious influence on drivers’ driving decision. In the curved ramp combined scene, the combined utility level of warning sign, speed limit sign, deceleration marking and guardrail is the highest. Finally, according to the results of utility evaluation, this paper puts forward the improvement strategy of traffic safety facilities setting, which can provide reference for the differential setting of mountain highway traffic safety facilities.

为精准测评山地公路环境下交通安全设施组合的效用，获得不同场景下山地公路交通安全设施的最优组合，本实验利用VS Design 3D软件设计了“直线加长匝道、急转弯加弯匝道组合”三个经典的山地公路场景。常见的交通安全设施在此三种场合下组合设置，每组方案涉及五类交通安全设施：警告标志、限速标志、减速标志和护栏。通过驾驶模拟实验，结合驾驶员在山地道路下的驾驶行为特点，熵权法与物元可拓理论得以有机结合。实验选取驾驶员眼动指数、驾驶员生理心理指数、驾驶员操作行为指数等三个二级指标，以及注视时间、心率变化率、方向盘转角率等五个三级指标。从而构建了山地公路交通安全设施效用评价指标体系，建立了交通安全设施组合效用的熵权物元多层次可拓评价模型，对山地公路环境中不同组合场景下的交通安全设施效用进行评价。结果表明：在山地公路直线长坡道场景下，警示标志、减速标志和护栏组合效用在相同效用水平下关联度较高，警示效用较好；在急转弯场景中，警示牌与护栏的综合效用在相同效用水平下具有较高的关联度，对驾驶员驾驶决策的影响更为明显；在弧形坡道组合场景中，警示标志、限速标志、减速标志和护栏的组合效用水平最高。最后，根据效用评价结果，本论文提出了交通安全设施设置的改进策略，为山地公路交通安全设施的差异化设置提供参考。

Keywords: safety engineering; mountain road; traffic safety facilities; entropy weight method; matter-element extension model

关键词：安全工程；山路；交通安全设施；熵权法；物元可拓模型

December 28, 2022

2022年12月28日

Journal of Safety and Environment

《安全与环境学报期刊》

来源：中国知网https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4537.X.20221227.1755.002.html?uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldSdmVqMDh6c3VGbkdsZ0JnbElBY0gwcktXUFVrODlFaz0%3D%249A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4ggI8Fm4gTkoUKaID8j8gFw!!

来源：中国知网

发表时间：2022年12月

检索：程子馨

翻译：殷嘉怡

一审：蔡钰玲

二审：彭莉

三审：罗玲娟

上传发布：姜浩