John Smeaton
约翰·斯米顿
After his engineering of the Eddystone Lighthouse in Devon, Smeaton was soon involved in waterway construction, starting with the Calder Navigation and Fossdyke Canal.
在设计了德文郡的埃迪斯通灯塔之后，斯梅顿很快便投身于水道建设，首先参与了卡尔德运河和福斯迪克运河的建设。
John Smeaton’s father was a lawyer, and Smeaton was expected to follow in his father’s footsteps. However, it was not to be and he spent time as a mathematical instrument maker before moving into engineering. He first became involved in the Calder Navigation. From there he went on to work on other waterways, including the Fossdyke Canal, and spent a considerable amount of time working on the Birmingham canals.
约翰·斯米顿的父亲是一名律师，人们期望他能子承父业。然而，事与愿违，他先是做了一段时间的数学仪器制造，之后才投身工程领域。他最先参与了卡尔德运河的建设。此后，他又参与了其他水道的建设，包括福斯迪克运河，并在伯明翰运河的建设上花费了大量时间。
Smeaton is known as the ‘Father of civil engineering’ after coining the term to describe engineering that was for the good of the people, and not the military. He also created the roles ‘resident’ and ‘chief engineer’ which are still widely used today. In 1771 he was a founding member of the Society of Civil Engineers-which has been renamed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, in his honour.
斯米顿被称为“土木工程之父”，因为他创造了“土木工程”这一术语，用来描述造福民众而非军事的工程。他还创立了“驻地工程师”和“总工程师”这两个职位，至今仍在广泛使用。1771 年,他成为土木工程师学会的创始成员，该学会后来为纪念他而更名为斯米顿土木工程师学会。
After his work on the lighthouse and spending time in Holland studying canal construction and flood defences, Smeaton was soon asked to consult on a number of canal and river projects back in the UK, and subsequently throughout his career. These include the Forth and Clyde Canal in Scotland, which opened a waterway between the Atlantic and the North Sea, the Ripon Canal, the Birmingham & Fazeley Canal and the Aire & Calder Navigation in Leeds.
在完成了灯塔的相关工作，并在荷兰花时间研究运河建设及防洪措施之后，斯米顿很快便受邀为英国国内的一系列运河和河流项目提供咨询意见，此后在其整个职业生涯中也是如此。这些项目包括苏格兰的福斯与克莱德运河，该运河开辟了连接大西洋与北海的水道、里彭运河、伯明翰与法泽利运河以及利兹的艾尔河与卡德河航道。
Over his career as a consulting civil engineer, Smeaton designed watermills, windmills, canals, harbours and land drainage schemes, and more than 100 bridges as well as steam-powered engines. He also produced over 200 technical reports. His papers were published by the Royal Society, the world's oldest scientific academy.
在作为咨询土木工程师的职业生涯中，斯米顿设计了水力磨坊、风力磨坊、运河、港口、土地排水系统，以及超过 100 座桥梁以及蒸汽动力引擎。他还撰写了 200 多份技术报告。他的论文由世界最古老的科学学会——皇家学会出版。
Upon his death in 1792, he was buried in the same parish where he was born, where a memorial tablet depicts the Eddystone Lighthouse-arguably his greatest work. He also is remembered at Westminster Abbey with a similar stone.
在作为咨询土木工程师的职业生涯中，斯米顿设计了水力磨坊、风力磨坊、运河、港口、土地排水系统，以及超过 100 座桥梁以及蒸汽动力引擎。他还撰写了 200 多份技术报告。他的论文由世界最古老的科学学会——皇家学会出版。
来源：Canal & River Trust
https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/things-to-do/canal-history/canal-pioneers/john-smeaton
发表日期:2024年10月22日
Date: 22 October 2024
检索：彭圣君
翻译：彭清
一审：杨洋
二审：彭莉
三审：罗玲娟
上传发布：姜浩
