The Oder-Vistula-Dniester Canal-The Infrastructural Legacy of the Habsburg Empire

奥德河—维斯瓦河—德涅斯特河运河—哈布斯堡帝国的基础设施遗产

Karol Witkowski; Konrad Meus

卡罗尔·维特科夫斯基；康拉德·默斯

Abstract: The article presents the rationale behind the construction of the Oder-Vistula-Dniester Canal, the implementation phase of the project, the environmental impact and the remaining contemporary vestiges of the investment. The spatial turn approach has been used to study the state of inland navigation and the political and economic factors linked to it, both at the level of the Empire as a whole and at the level of Galicia and the micro-regions. The enactment of the Waterways Act 1901 was the result of political dealings, with economic considerations being of secondary importance. For the Empire, the canal was a means of appeasing national sentiment, while the regulation of the rivers flowing into the canal was seen by the local community as a means of preventing flooding. The inhabitants of the areas along the canal's route were opposed to the canal because it restricted their access to land. Despite attempts to continue the project after the collapse of the Empire, the project was eventually abandoned, leaving the canal and its associated investments as an infrastructural legacy of the Habsburg Empire. The canal had its greatest impact on the Carpathian rivers, the regulation of which irrevocably destroyed the natural bottoms of the valleys.

摘要：本文阐述了奥得河—维斯瓦河—德涅斯特河运河建设的背景原因、项目的实施阶段、对环境的影响以及该投资在当代遗留下来的痕迹。空间转向方法已被用于研究内陆航运状况以及与之相关的政治和经济因素，既着眼于整个帝国层面，也着眼于加利西亚和微观区域层面。1901年《水道法》的颁布是政治博弈的结果，经济考量处于次要地位。对于帝国而言，这条运河是安抚民族情绪的一种手段，而当地社区则认为对流入运河的河流进行治理是防止洪水泛滥的办法。运河沿线地区的居民反对修建运河，因为这限制了他们对土地的使用。尽管在帝国崩溃后曾试图继续该项目，但最终还是放弃了，使得这条运河及其相关投资成为哈布斯堡帝国的基础设施遗产。运河对喀尔巴阡山脉的河流影响最大，对其的整治不可挽回地破坏了山谷的自然河床。

Keywords: Habsburg Empire; Galicia; Habsburg Anthropocene; Navigation canal; Inland waterway; Infrastructural legacy; Carpathian rivers

关键词：哈布斯堡帝国；加利西亚；哈普斯堡皇室世；导航运河；内河航道；基础设施的遗产；喀尔巴阡山脉的河流

来源：《Journal of Historical Geography》

链接:https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-historical-geography

时间：2024年12月1日

检索：徐慧聪

翻译：彭清

一审：杨文慧

二审：彭莉

三审：罗玲娟

上传发布：姜浩