The Panama Canal Is A Wonder of the Modern World – Here's How It Plans to Reduce Shipping Emissions
巴拿马运河——现代世界奇迹，计划如何减少航运排放
Roughly 80 kilometers long, the Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. A wonder of modern engineering and design, 13,000 to 14,000 vessels pass through the canal each year. By reducing the distance ships need to travel to reach their destination, the canal helps to reduce fuel consumption and, in turn, greenhouse gas emissions. During its lifetime, it has helped prevent the emission of around more than 700 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2). The shipping industry has an impact on the environment. In 2012, international shipping was responsible for an estimated 796 million tons of CO2 emissions — around 2.2 percent of total global CO2 emissions that year, according to the International Maritime Organization. “The original Panama Canal was built between 1904 and 1914, a 10-year effort,” Jorge L. Quijano, CEO of the Panama Canal Authority, told CNBC’s “Sustainable Energy.” “We are basically a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific and to do this we use locks — so you go up 85 to 87 feet in elevation. Then you cross the continental divide on the lake (Gatun Lake) and you come down to zero-level elevation, which is… the Atlantic Ocean.” The impact of the canal on the shipping industry has been significant — so much so that a specific type of cargo ship, the Panamax, has been designed to fit its dimensions. “It's basically a vessel that's 106 foot wide and… 965 foot long,” Quijano said. Between 2009 and 2016, an extensive construction project saw the canal undergo a significant expansion when a third lane was built. This allows a larger type of vessel, the Neopanamax, to pass through. At the end of July, the 4,000th Neopanamax vessel transited through the expanded canal. “We're now looking at a vessel size that can carry as much as three times the numbers of containers that you could carry on the old Panamax locks,” Quijano said.
巴拿马运河全长约80公里，连接大西洋和太平洋。它是现代工程与设计的奇迹，每年有1.3万至1.4万艘船只通过该运河。巴拿马运河缩短了船只到达目的地所需航行的距离，有助于减少燃料消耗，从而减少温室气体排放。在其使用期间，它已帮助减少约7亿多吨二氧化碳（CO2）的排放。航运业也对环境有所影响。据国际海事组织称，2012年，国际航运产生的二氧化碳排放量约为7.96亿吨，约占当年全球二氧化碳排放总量的2.2%。巴拿马运河管理局首席执行官豪尔赫·基哈诺（Jorge Luis Quijano）在接受CNBC的《可持续能源》节目采访时说：“原巴拿马运河建于1904年至1914年间，历时十年建成。”“我们基本上是大西洋和太平洋之间的捷径，为此我们使用了船闸——因此你需要爬升85至87英尺的高度。然后你穿过大陆分水岭上的湖泊（加通湖），再下降到海平面，也就是……大西洋。”巴拿马运河对航运业的影响十分显著，以至于专门设计了一种符合其尺寸的货船——巴拿马型船。“这基本上是一艘宽106英尺，长965英尺的船，”基哈诺说。2009年至2016年间，巴拿马运河经历了一次大规模扩建，增建了一条第三航道。这使得一种更大的船型——新巴拿马型船得以通过。7月底，第4000艘新巴拿马型船通过了扩建后的运河。“我们现在想扩大船只尺寸，将容量扩大到旧巴拿马船闸可装载集装箱数量的三倍。”基哈诺说。
https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/23/heres-how-the-panama-canal-plans-to-reduce-shipping-emissions.html?&qsearchterm=The%20Panama%20Canal%20Is%20A%20Wonder%20of%20the%20Modern%20World%20%E2%80%93%20Here%27s%20How%20It%20Plans%20to%20Reduce%20Shipping%20Emissions
来源：CNBC（美国消费者新闻与商业频道）
发表时间：2018年8月23日
检索：高欣
翻译：王婷
一审：何玥
二审：彭莉
三审：罗玲娟
上传发布：姜浩
